What is Charge?

1.. There are two aspects to reality:

a. Presence ( "Being"),
    which is associated with objects.

b. Activity ( "Becoming"),
    which is associated with media ( Time, space, flux, etc.)

2. Objects are associated with the physical property mass.

Masses are measured by using a balance beam scale
to compare the forces acting upon two masses in a
homogeneous mass-affecting field, one of the masses
being a standard, and the other that being measured.

3. Two times can be associated with an object.

a. Time(period)= A cyclical period about some point.
b. Time(precession) = A cyclical precession about the
    same point. 

Times are cycle ratios which are measured
by using a cycle reference, outside the system.

The period and precession times of an object can be
measured by marking the object, and counting the
number of reference cycles of the reference,
per each cycle of the object in each of the two planes.
( Cycle plane and precession plane.)

time(period)= cycles(reference) / cycles(period cycle)
time(precession)= cycles(reference) / cycles(precession cycle)


4. As most physical properties are expressed in radians it
is convenient to express period and precession in
cycles per radian, rather than cycles per cycle.

T(C) = time(period) / ( 2 pi )
T(P) = time(precession) / ( 2 pi)


I call the product of these two times, activity,
as it is a measure of the total activity of a system.
activity = T(C) * T(P)

5. Two times can also be associated with the
masses of two interacting objects. This times are:
a. T(A) = mass(A) * G / C^3
b. T(B) = mass(B) * G / C^3
 

Where G is the universal gravitational constant,
and C is the universal space per time constant. 

A universal time per mass constant can be defined as:
U = G / C^3 

6. I call the product of these two times, presence,
as it is a measure of the total presence of a system.
presence = T(A) * T(B)

7. The most fundamental equation of physics is:

a.
presence = activity
b. or expressed in times:
T(C) * T(P) = T(A) * T(B)
c. or expressed in conventional properties:
  
period * precession / ( 4 pi^2) = mass(A) * mass(B)* G^2 / C^6 

Note that period and precession are normally expressed as
cyclical times, whereas mass and most other properties
are normally expressed as radial times.

8. Some other physical properties are related to these
most fundamental times as follows:
a. presence
b.    "      = activity
c.    "      = T(C) * T(P)
d.    "      = T(A) * T(B)
e.    "      = ( mass(A) * G / C^3 ) * ( mass(B) * G / C^3)
f.    "      = n * Q * Q * mu * U * T(C) * ryd


where "n" is an integer,
"ryd" is Rydberg's constant, which is
basically a reciprocal half-wave antenna
length constant for the hydrogen atom,
and "mu" is the permeability of space,
which is basically a universal
( mass * length per charge squared) constant
for electrons.

9. Let us use mu to define a new constant MU, which
expresses mu in the mass domain, rather than the time domain.

a. mu = MU / U 

b. We can then restate the equation 8f as:
activity = n * Q * Q * ( MU / U) * U * T(C) * ryd 

c. Canceling out the U's we get:
activity = n * Q * Q * MU * T(C) * ryd

10. Now ryd, a reciprocal space constant can be expressed as:

a. ryd = 1 / length
b. ryd  = 1 / ( C * T(X))


T(X) is perceived as the property we call time. 

b. Substituting 1 / ( C * T(X)) for ryd in equation 9c we get:
activity = n * Q * Q * MU * T(C) / ( C * T(X))

c. Assuming that T(C) = T(X), and I assert that it does.
activity = n * Q * Q * MU / C


Based on the foregoing, I further assert that:

1. Cycles are the most fundamental expression of reality.  

2. Time is the most convenient property in which to express reality.
( Time is a cycle ratio.)

3. Charge is the quantum expression of time, and 
( MU / C)^.5 
     "          = ( mu * U / C)^.5      ( MU = mu * U)
     "          = ( mu * G / C^4)^.5    ( U = G / C^3)
  
is a universal time per charge constant.  

4. T(C) and T(P) are analog expressions of time. 

5. T(A) and T(B) are time equivalences of mass. 
 
6. The constant "G" was discovered by Kepler and Newton
   to equate mass to its' time-space equivalence.

   mass * G = distance^3 / time^2

7. The constant "C" was discovered by Michelson, Morley, 
   and Einstein to equate time to its' space equivalence,

   X^2 + Y^2 + Z^2 = ( Ct)^2

( Einstein made it possible to treat space and time 
as the same properties.)  But he should have expressed 
his equation in time, rather than space, as time is more 
fundamental.( And cycles are the most fundamental.)

   (X/C)^2 + (Y/C)^2 + (Z/C)^2 = t^2

 8. The constant mu was used to equate charge to mass by 
    Maxwell, and modified by me to equate charge to the 
    more fundamental time.

    time(Q) = Q * ( n * mu * G / C^4)^.5

( Maxwell made it possible to treat charge and mass as 
the same property, and I have extended this to treat 
charge and time as the same property.)

9. Note that the equation from ( 8) can be expressed as:
time(Q)^2 / ( n * mu) = Q^2 * G / C^4

As Q, G and C are universal constants, it appears that 
( n * mu) is directly proportional to time(Q)^2 
( And hence presence and activity).

Note that permittivity, which is related to presence, 
could have been used in the equations above, 
rather than permeability, which is related to activity. 
I used permeability to make a point about Rydberg's constant.